Black Madonna
Black Madonna ma Madonna Hitam (eluahania Inada Maria Saitö) no töi nibe'e khö sambua gambara Yesu awö ninania Maria heza oroma aitö gulira.[1] Oya sibai tesöndra gambara simane andre he bakha ba Gereja Katolik ba he göi bakha ba Gereja Ortodoks ba danö Eropa ba ba zi sagörö ulidanö (faigi tou gangolifani ba gahe zura andre).
To'ölö ta'ila gambara Yesu awö Maria so'uli a'uzö-uzö. Börö da'ö hana wa oroma aitö gulira ba gambara Black Madonna andre? So zanguma'ö, aitö ia börö me eu ni'oguna'ö ba wogambaraini andrö eu saitö. So göi zanguma'ö wa aitö ia börö me simanö la'a-la'ania molo'ö sogambaraini ya'ia.[2][3]
Bahiza so göi zanguma'ö wa börönia sindruhu wa aitö guli Yesu awö Maria andrö, börö zimbo lili nitunu niha ero ma'ökhö föna gambara andrö. Itaria no mufasa gambara andrö ngaotu fakhe wa'ara. Itaria na'i so zi töra 1000 fakhe ndröfinia. Ba börö me to'ölö möi niha wanunu lili föna gambara andrö na mangandrö ira, andrö wa itugu ara itugu aitö gambara andrö.
Ikon[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Gambara simane andre lafotöi ia ikon, ya'ia da'ö sambua zekola wamazökhi gambara molo'ö lala wogambaraini si to'ölö so ba gölana Kekaisaran Romawi Timur (asese göi latötöi ia Kekaisaran Byzantine) si so i'otarai ndröfi 330 irugi 1453. Ikon andre tenga gambara si to'ölö, bahiza no gambara ni'amoni'ö, me ha tola te'oroma'ö ndra niha ni'amoni'ö, ba lala wogambaraini ya'ia fao fangandrö (li Indonesia meditasi), fuasö ba famoni. Asese tesöndra ikon ba danö Timur Tengah, Kaukasus ba ba Afrika, mendruamanö ba danö Mesir ba ba danö Etiopia.
Famo'eluaha[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Töi Black Madonna tehalö moroi ba li Inggris, ba li Indonesia laŵa'ö ia Madonna Hitam, eluahania Inada Maria Saitö Uli. Simane si no tesura yaŵa, aitö guli Yesu ba Maria ba gambara andrö börö zimbo lili si lö aetu latunu niha me lalau mangandrö fönania. Eluahania, lahe saitö andrö no sasi wangandrö niha sato, sangotura'ö ngenu-ngenu dödöra föna gambara Yesu ba Maria andrö. Eluahania göi da'a, ero tafaigi gambara saitö andre, no tafaigi mbawa ngahö-ngahönö niha samati si no möi mangandrö ba da'ö.
Angolita Madonna Saitö[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Afrika[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Aljazair, Algiers: "Notre-Dame d'Afrique"[4]
- Pantai Gading, Yamoussoukro: Inada Maria ba ononia bakha ba Basilika Bunda Perdamaian.
- Senegal, Popenguine: "Notre-Dame de la Délivrance"[5]
- Afrika Selatan, Soweto: "The Black Madonna"[6]
Asia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Jepang[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Tsuruoka city, Yamagata prefektur: Madonna si so ba Gereja Katolik Tsuruoka Tenshudô nibe'e Perancis ba ginötö Meiji[7]
Filipina[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Antipolo, Rizal: Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje de Antipolo (Maria Bunda Perdamaian dan Perjalanan dari Antipolo)[8]
- Ermita, City of Manila: Nuestra Señora de Guía (Maria Bunda Penuntun)
- Santa Ana, City of Manila: Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados (Maria Bunda Para Terbuang)
- Parañaque: Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso (Maria Bunda Keberuntungan)
- Lapu-Lapu City: Nuestra Señora de Regla (Maria Bunda Pengaturan)[9]
- Naga, Camarines Sur: Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia (Maria Bunda Peñafrancia)
- Piat, Cagayan: Nuestra Señora de la Visitación de Piat (Maria Bunda Piat[10]
- Joroan, Tiwi, Albay: Nuestra Señora de la Salvación (Maria Bunda Keselamatan)
India[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Dhori Mata
- Korvi Mata, Dediapada, Gujarat
Turki[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Trabzon: Biara Sümela[11]
Europa[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Austria[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Lavanttal, Carinthia, Austria: "Schwarze Madonna von Loreto" (Basilika Maria Loreto)
Belgia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Brugge, "Maria Bunda dari Regla"[12]
- Brussel: "De Zwerte Lieve Vrouwo", Gereja Santa Katarina
- Halle (Flemish Brabant): Sint-Martinusbasiliek
- Liège: La Vierge Noire d'Outremeuse
- Lier: Onze lieve vrouw ter Gratien
- Scherpenheuvel-Zichem: Basilika Bunda dari Scherpenheuvel
- Tournai: Maria Bunda dari Flanders di Katedral Tournai
- Verviers: "Black Virgin of the Recollects", Gereja Notre-Dame des Récollets
- Walcourt: Notre-Dames de Walcourt
Kroatia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Marija Bistrica: Our Lady of Bistrica, Queen of Croatia
Republik Ceko[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Brno: Assumption of Virgin Mary Minor Basilica, St Thomas's Abbey, Brno[13]
- Prague: Madonna moroi ba Breznice; The Black Madonna in The Church of Our Lady Under the Chain (Kostel Panny Marie pod řetězem)[14]
Perancis[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
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- Aix-en-Provence, (Bouches-du-Rhône): Notre-Dame des Graces, Aix Cathedral|Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur d'Aix[15]
- Arconsat: (Notre-Dame des Champs)
- Aurillac, (Cantal): Church of Notre-Dame aux Neiges, Aurillac|Notre-Dame des Neiges[16]
- Beaune: Our Lady of Beaune
- Besançon: Our Lady de Gray
- Besse-et-Saint-Anastaise, (Puy-de-Dôme): Saint-André Church, Notre-Dame de Vassivière
- Bourg-en-Bresse, (Ain): 13th century
- Chartres, (Eure-et-Loir): crypt of the Chartres Cathedral|Cathedral of Chartres, Notre-Dame-de-Sous-Terre[17]
- Clermont-Ferrand, (Puy-de-Dôme)[18]
- Cusset: the Black Virgin of Cusset
- Dijon, (Côte-d'Or): Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon
- Douvres-la-Délivrande, Basilique Notre-Dame de la Délivrande, "Notre-Dame de la Délivrande"[19]
- Dunkerque, (Nord) : Chapelle des Dunes
- Guingamp, (Côtes-d'Armor): Basilica of Notre Dame de Bon Secours.
- La Chapelle-Geneste, (Haute-Loire: Notre Dame de La Chapelle Geneste[20]
- Laon, (Aisne): Laon Cathedral|Notre-Dame Cathedral, statue of 1848
- Le Havre,(Seine-Maritime): statue near the Graville Abbey (Abbaye de Graville)
- Le Puy-en-Velay: In 1254 when passing through on his return from the Holy Land Saint Louis IX of France gave the cathedral an ebony image of the Blessed Virgin clothed in gold brocade (Notre-Dame du Puy). It was destroyed during the Revolution, but replaced at the Restoration with a copy that continues to be venerated.[21]
- Liesse-Notre-Dame, (Aisne): Notre-Dame de Liesse, statue destroyed in 1793, copy of 1857
- Marseille, (Bouches-du-Rhône): Notre-Dame-de-Confession,[22] Abbey of St. Victor; Notre-Dame d'Huveaune, Saint-Giniez Church
- Mauriac, Cantal: Notre Dame des Miracles[23]
- Mende, Lozère: Mende Cathedral (Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame-et-Saint-Privat de Mende)
- Menton, (Alpes-Maritimes): St. Michel Church
- Meymac, (Corrèze): Meymac Abbey[24]
- Molompize: Notre-Dame de Vauclair
- Mont-Saint-Michel: Notre-Dame du Mont-Tombe
- Myans (Savoie): Sanctuaire Notre-Dame de Myans
- Paris, (Neuilly-sur-Seine): Notre-Dame de Bonne Délivrance, in the motherhouse of the Sisters of St. Thomas of Villanova[25]
- Quimper, (Finistère): Eglise de Guéodet, nommée encore Notre-Dame-de-la-Cité
- Riom, (Puy-de-Dôme): Notre-Dame du Marthuret[26]
- Rocamadour (Lot): Our Lady of Rocamadour[27]
- Sainte Marie (Réunion): Black Virgin of the Rains River
- Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (Camarque) Avignon: Annual Roma pilgrimage and festival[28] celebrating Saint Sarah, the patron saint of the Romani people[29]
- Soissons (Aisne): statue of the 12th century
- Tarascon, (Bouches-du-Rhône): Notre-Dame du Château[30]
- Thuret (Puy-de-Dôme)[31]
- Toulouse: The basilica Notre-Dame de la Daurade in Toulouse, France had housed the shrine of a Black Madonna. The original icon was stolen in the fifteenth century, and its first replacement was burned by Revolutionaries in 1799 on the Place du Capitole. The icon presented today is an 1807 copy of the fifteenth century Madonna. Blackened by the hosts of candles, the second Madonna was known from the sixteenth century as Our Lady La Noire[32]
- Tournemire, Château d'Anjony, Our Lady of Anjony
- Vaison-la-Romaine (Vaucluse): statue on a hill
- Vichy (Allier): Saint-Blaise Church
Jerman[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Altötting (Bavaria): Gnadenkapelle (Chapel of the Miraculous Image)
- Beilstein (Rhineland-Palatinate): Karmeliterkirche St. Joseph
- Bielefeld (North Rhine-Westphalia)
- Düsseldorf-Benrath (North Rhine-Westphalia): Pfarrkirche St. Cäcilia
- Hirschberg an der Bergstraße (Baden-Württemberg): Wallfahrtskirche St. Johannes Baptist
- Schloss Hohenstein, Upper Franconia (Bavaria)
- Köln (Nord Rhein Westfalen): St. Maria in der Kupfergasse
- Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim (Rhineland-Palatinate): Schloss- und Wallfahrtskirche Mariä Himmelfahrt (Ludwigshafen)
- Mainau (Baden-Württemberg): Schlosskirche St. Marien
- Munich (Bavaria): Theatine Church; St. Boniface's Abbey
- Rastatt (Baden-Württemberg): Einsiedelner Kapelle
- Regensburg (Bavaria): Regensburg Cathedral
- Remagen (Rhineland-Palatinate): Kapelle Schwarze Madonna
- Spabrücken (Rhineland-Palatinate)
- Stetten ob Lontal, Niederstotzingen (Baden-Württemberg)
- Windhausen in Boppard-Herschwiesen (Rhineland-Palatinate)
- Wipperfürth (North Rhine-Westphalia): St. Johannes, Kreuzberg
- Wuppertal-Beyenburg (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Yunani[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Hidden church of the Black Madonna, Vamos, Crete
Hungaria[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Cathedral Basilica of Eger: Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
Irlandia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Dublin (Leinster): Our Lady of Dublin in Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church
Italia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Biella (Piedmont): Black Virgin of Oropa, sanctuary of Oropa
- Canneto Valley near Settefrati (Lazio): Madonna di Canneto
- Casale Monferrato (Piedmont): Our Lady of Crea. In the hillside Sanctuary at Crea (Santuario di Crea), a cedar-wood figure, said to be one of three Black Virgins brought to Italy from the Holy Land c. 345 by St. Eusebius.
- Castelmonte, Prepotto (Friuli Venezia Giulia)
- Gubbio, Italy: The Niger-Regin square, discovered carved in the cave of Sibilla Eugubina on Mount Ingino, is considered to be a word square form the "Black Queen". Seemingly of Neo-Templar origin, it is dated between 1600–1800 CE, was discovered in 2003, and destroyed by vandalism in 2012.[33][34][35]
- Loreto (Marche): Basilica della Santa Casa
- Naples (Campania): Santuario-Basilica SS Carmine Maggiore
- Pescasseroli (Abruzzo): Madonna di Monte Tranquillo
- Positano (Campania): Located in the church of Santa Maria Assunta, the story of how it got there—sailors shouting "Posa, posa!" ("Put it down, put it down!")—gave the town its name.
- San Severo (Apulia): "La Madonna del Soccorso" (The Madonna of Succor), St. Severinus Abbot and Saint Severus Bishop Faeto. Statue in gold garments, object of a major three-day festival that attracts over 350,000 people to this small town.
- Seminara (Calabria): Maria Santissima dei poveri
- Tindari (Sicily): Our Lady of Tindari
- Torre Annunziata (Campania): Madonna della Neve
- Venice (Veneto): Madonna della Salute, Santa Maria della Salute
- Viggiano (Basilicata): Santuario Madonna del Sacro Monte[36]
Kosovo[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Vitina (town)|Vitina-Templat:Ill: Church of the Black Madonna, where Mother Teresa is believed to have heard her calling.[37]
Lituania[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Aušros vartai: Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn
- Our Lady of Šiluva: Our Lady of the Pine Woods
Luksemburg[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Esch-sur-Sûre
- Luxembourg: Luxembourg-Grund
- Luxembourg: St. John's Church[38]
Makedonia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Kališta, Monastery: Madonna icon in the Nativity of Our Most Holy Mother of God church
- Ohrid, Church: Madonna with the child
Malta[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Ħamrun: Our Lady of Atoċja, a medieval painting brought to Malta by a merchant in the year 1630, depicting a statue found in Basilica of Nuestra Señora de Atocha|Atocha, a parish in Madrid, Spain, and widely known as Il-Madonna tas-Samra. (This can mean 'tanned Madonna', 'brown Madonna', or 'Madonna of Samaria'.)
Polandia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Częstochowa: Black Madonna of Częstochowa
- In the United States, the National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania houses a reproduction of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa. A second Black Madonna shrine to Our Lady of Częstochowa is located near Eureka, Missouri.
- In Israel there are two reproductions of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa: One in St. Peter's Church in Tel Aviv, and another in the Abbey of the Dormition in Jerusalem.[39][40][41][42][43][44]
- Głogówek: Our Lady of Loretto
Portugal[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Nazaré (Oeste Subregion): Sanctuary of Our Lady of Nazaré; see: the legend of Nazaré
Romania[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Ghighiu: Maica Domnului Siriaca – Manastirea Ghighiu
- Cacica: Madona Neagra – Biserica Cacica
- Bucuresti: Madona Neagra – Biserica Dichiu
Rusia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Kostroma (Kostroma Oblast): Theotokos of St. Theodore also known as Our Lady of St. Theodore (Федоровская Богоматерь), in Theophany Monastery
- Our Lady of Wladimir, from the 12th century
- Black Virgin of Taganrog, Taganrog Old Cemetery
Serbia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Apatin (Vojvodina): Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church
Slovenia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Koprivna, Črna na Koroškem: St. Anne's Church, Koprivna – the altar of Black Madonna
Spanyol[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Andújar (Province of Jaén): Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza (Our Lady of Cabeza), named after the mountain, Cerro de la Cabeza ma zui Cerro de Cabezo.
- Chipiona (Province of Cádiz): la Virgen de Regla or Nuestra Señora de Regla (Our Lady of Regla or the Virgin of Regla), considered by some as the custodian of the Rule of Saint Augustine
- Coria (Province of Cáceres): Virgen de Argeme (Our Lady of Argeme)
- El Puerto de Santa María (Province of Cádiz): Virgen de los Milagros (The Virgin of the Miracles)
- Guadalupe (Province of Cáceres): Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (Our Lady of Guadalupe, Extremadura)
- Jerez de la Frontera (Province of Cádiz): Nuestra Señora de la Merced (Our Lady Of Mercy)
- Madrid (Community of Madrid): Nuestra Señora de Atocha (Our Lady of Atocha)
- Lluc, Majorca (Balearic Islands): Mare de Déu de Lluc (Our Lady of Lluc), Lluc Monastery
- Monistrol de Montserrat (Catalonia): Mare de Déu de Montserrat (Virgin of Montserrat) or "La Moreneta" in the Benedictine abbey of Santa Maria de Montserrat
- Ponferrada (Province of León): Virgen de la Encina (Our Lady of the Holm Oak)
- Salamanca (Province of Salamanca): Virgen de la Peña de Francia (The Virgin of France's Rock, named after the local mountain called Peña de Francia)
- Santiago de Compostela (Galicia): A replica of "La Moreneta"
- Tenerife (Canary Islands): Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (Virgin of Candelaria), or "La Morenita"
- Toledo (Province of Toledo): Virgen Morena (Dark Virgin), statue of La Esclavitud de Nuestra Señora del Sagrario in the Cathedral of Toledo (Catedral Primada de Santa María) (The Enslavement of Our Lady of the Tabernacle)
- Torreciudad (Huesca): Our Lady of Torreciudad
Swedia[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Lund Cathedral Attached to a marble pillar in the crypt: Black madonna with child
- Skee Kyrka, Skee, Bohuslän former Norwegian province. Black madonna with beheaded child [1]
![[1]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unique_and_possibly_the_only_statue_of_black_madonna_in_Swedish_church.jpg){kind=link}
Swiss[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Einsiedeln (Canton of Schwyz): Our Lady of the Hermits
- In the United States, a reproduction of Our Lady of the Hermits was gifted to the St. Meinrad Archabbey located in St. Meinrad, Indiana
- Sonogno, Valle Verzasca (Canton of Ticino): Santa Maria Loretana
- Uetikon upon Lake (Canton of Zürich): Catholic Church Saint Francis of Assisi
- Metzerlen-Mariastein (Canton of Solothurn): Mariastein Abbey
- Ascona (Canton of Ticino): Black Chapel
- Lugano (Canton of Ticino): Chiesa di Santa Maria di Loreto
Ukraina[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Tsarytsya Karpat (Hoshiv Monastery): The Queen of the Carpathian Land
Britania Raya[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- St. Mary Willesden (Our Lady of Willesden): The original Shrine of Our Lady of Willesden.
- Our Lady of Częstochowa (Church of Our Lady of Czestochowa, Nottingham)
Amerika Utara[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Kosta Rika[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Cartago, Cartago Province: Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Cartago)|Basílica de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (Our Lady of the Angels Basilica)
Kuba[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Regla, Havana Province: Nuestra Señora de Regla (Spanish for Our Lady of Regla)
Mexiko[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Tepeyac, Mexico City: Our Lady of Guadalupe
Trinidad dan Tobago[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Amerika Serikat[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Pacific, Missouri: Black Madonna Shrine and Grottos
- Doylestown, Pennsylvania: National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa
- Jersey City, New Jersey: Our Lady of Czestochowa
- New York City, New York (state): Cathedral of St. John the Divine
- Detroit, Michigan: Shrine of the Black Madonna Church
- Chicago, Illinois: Monastery of the Holy Cross
Kanada[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Windsor, Ontario -Black Madonna chapel located at Italian banquet hall Ciociaro club.
Amerika Selatan[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
Brasil[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Aparecida, São Paulo: Our Lady of Aparecida or Our Lady Appeared (Nossa Senhora Aparecida or Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida) in the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
Chili[bulö'ö | bulö’ö kode]
- Andacollo, Elqui Province: La Virgen Morena (Spanish for The Brunette Virgin)
Umbu[bulö’ö kode]
- ↑ "Black Madonnas: Origin, History, Controversy". udayton.edu. The Jungian scholar, San Begg published a study of Black Virgins and their possible pagan origins.
- ↑ Moss, Leonard W.; Cappannari, Stephen C. (1953). "The Black Madonna: An Example of Culture Borrowing". The Scientific Monthly. 76 (6): 319–324. Bibcode:1953SciMo..76..319M. ISSN 0096-3771. JSTOR 20482.
- ↑ Begg, Ean (2017). The Cult of the Black Virgin (ba li Inggris). Chiron Publications. ISBN 978-1630514419.
- ↑ "Algiers". interfaithmary.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-08-11. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ "Senegal". interfaithmary.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-08-11. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ "Soweto". interfaithmary.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-08-11. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ "Experiencetsuruoka.com". Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-09-03. Mufaigi me 2017-09-03.
- ↑ Baybay, Felicito S., "Patron Ng Kapayapaan At Mga Manlalakbay" Archived 2014-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ KD. "Our Lady Of The Rule National Shrine – Quirks of Life". quirksoflife.com. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2022-01-18. Mufaigi me 2023-11-25.
- ↑ Darang, Josephine. "Special Mass for Our Lady of Piat held July 9 at Sto. Domingo Church", Philippine Daily Enquirer, June 26, 2011
- ↑ Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. "Sümela Monastry (sic)". Mufaigi me 21 November 2020.
- ↑ "Your Question". udayton.edu. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2015-02-19. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ "Brno – The Black Madonna". brno.cz. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2013-09-28. Mufaigi me 2013-08-16.
- ↑ "Church of Our Lady Below the Chain in Prague", Prague.cz Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Channell, J., "Notre-Dame des Graces", Aix-en-Provence
- ↑ "Black Virgin of Aurillac". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 15 May 2008.
- ↑ "A Controversial Restoration That Wipes Away the Past (Published 2017)". The New York Times. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2019-12-13.
- ↑ "Notre Dame de Clermont". 2007-12-19. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2007-12-19. Mufaigi me 2009-07-25.
- ↑ "Douvres". interfaithmary.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-08-11. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ "Notre Dame de La Chapelle Geneste". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 14 May 2008.
- ↑ "Notre Dame du Puy, Cathedrale...: Photo by Photographer Dennis Aubrey". photo.net. 2007-11-09. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2009-02-07. Mufaigi me 2009-07-25.
- ↑ "Black Virgin of Marseilles". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 15 May 2008.
- ↑ "Black Virgin of Mauriac". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 14 May 2008.
- ↑ "Meymac". interfaithmary.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2017-08-11. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ Mariancalendar.org
- ↑ "Black Virgin of Riom". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 14 May 2008.
- ↑ "The Sanctuaries". visit-dordogne-valley.co.uk. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2014-07-05. Mufaigi me 2014-08-06.
- ↑ Garth Cartwright (2011-03-26). "Partying with the Gypsies in the Camargue". the Guardian.
- ↑ "Gypsy's Pilgrimage – Les Saintes Maries de la Mer – Camargue – France". avignon-et-provence.com.
- ↑ "Notre Dame du Château". amigo.net. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 14 May 2008.
- ↑ "Vierge des Croisades". 2007-12-19. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2007-12-19. Mufaigi me 2009-07-25.
- ↑ Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe, Norman Davies
- ↑ Maria Farneti and Bruno Bartoletti, "Gubbio: The Italian Rennes-le-Chateau", 'Hera', issue 43, September 2005
- ↑ Gubbio e il mysterious del "NIGER REGIN"
- ↑ "IL MONTE TEMPIO E LA PIRAMIDE DI GUBBIO" by Mario Farneti & Bruno Bartoletti
- ↑ Collegamento Nazionale Santuari (10 October 2016). "Madonna del Sacro Monte di Viggiano". Mufaigi me 21 November 2020.
- ↑ Yonat Shimron (17 August 2016). "Pilgrims crowd church where Mother Teresa once prayed". Religion News Service. Mufaigi me 21 November 2020.
- ↑ "St. John's Church". Luxembourg City Tourist Office. Mufaigi me 21 November 2020.
- ↑ "Książka - Czarna Madonna". Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 2022-01-18. Mufaigi me 2020-09-03.
- ↑ "Tel Aviv - the Icon of Black Madonna from St. Peters Church in Old Jaffa Stock Image - Image of jaffa, architecture: 56128953".
- ↑ "TEL AVIV, ISRAEL - MARCH 2, 2015: The Icon of black Madonna from st. Peters church in old Jaffa by unknown artist from end of 19. Cent". Arsip moroi versi asli irugi January 18, 2022. Mufaigi me September 3, 2020.
- ↑ "Zdjęcie Stock: Tel Aviv - Icon of black Madonna from st. Peters church".
- ↑ "Jerusalem - mosaic of Madonna in Dormition abbey Poster • Pixers® • We live to change".
- ↑ "Jerusalem - mosaic of Madonna in Dormition abbey Sticker • Pixers® • We live to change".
- ↑ Dhalai, Richard, "La Divina Pastora", Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, March 19, 2007
- ↑ Nationaltrust.tt