O'o

O'o
	O'o so bowo. ; Bubulak, Bogor.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kingdom:	Plantae
Divisi:	Magnoliophyta
Kelas:	Liliopsida
Order:	Poales
Famili:	Poaceae
Genus:	Imperata
Spesies:	I. Cylindrica
Nama binomial
	Imperata cylindrica; (L.) Raeusch
Sinonim
	Lagurus cylindricus L. (basionym); Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv.; Gramen caricosum Rumph. (1750); Arundo epigeios Forssk. ex Steud. (nom.inval.); Calamagrostis lagurus Koeler (nom.illeg) jungh.; Imperata angolensis Fritsch; Imperata arundinacea Cirillo; Töi bö'ö: The Plant List

O'o (li Latin: Imperata cylindrica L, li Indonesia: Alang-alang) ya'ia da'ö sambua ngawalö ndru'u soŵa'a si tesöndra ba danö subtropis ba Asia, Mikronesia, Melanesia, Australia, Afrika ba Eropa Selatan. So khönia ŵe nifotöi phyrophite, same'e alio akhozi ia na göna alitö, andrö wa asese so zakhozi ba danö soya so go'o.^[6] Simanö göi alio atabö ba muzawili ia, börö da'ö no tobali ndru'u nitundroi ia ba Danö Niha. Ononia nifotöi löndru go'o, motoho-toho, atarö mbalönia hulö walölöŵa. Bulunia aganau ba mogumo, na göna ba mbotoda ba i'a'asogö wa'ali-ali. Lö sa'e fa'atabö ndru'u awö zinumbua bö'ö ba zi tumbu o'o. Hewa'ae latundroi ia niha, tola labali'ö sagö nose mbulunia ma zui tobali ndrou mbawi so'ono ba tanöbö'önia. Baero da'ö so niha sangoguna'ö ŵa'ania tobali dalu-dalu (faigi nasa tou).

Töinia ba mbanua bö'ö

Imperata cylindrica L (li Latin)
Alang-alang (li Indonesia)
Cogon grass ma sword grass (li Inggris)^[7]
Rih (li Batak)
Alalang (li Minangkabau)
Neleleng laku (li Aceh)
Ki eurih (li Sunda)
Lalang (li Madura)
Ambengan (li Bali)
Re (li Sasak)
Atindalo (li Bima)
Wiru (li Sumba)
Kalepip ma Kalana (li Papua)

Omböila

Tola tumbu alaŵa go'o 0,6 irugi 3 meter. Fa'ebolo mbulunia ambö töra 2 sentimeter, ba itugu ise-ise ia ba mbalö tobali atarö sibai. So ba zinga mbulunia zihulö nifö side-ide safönu dawö-dawö si so bakha kristal silika. Singa tanö yaŵa mbulunia mogumo, bahiza singa tanö tou lö'ö.

Ŵa'a go'o oya sibai, 60% moroi ba nösi mbotonia ma'asagörö. Abölö sibai ia irege tola itögi irege 1,2 meter mitou danö sabe'e ba 0,4 meter ba danö sogawu.^[8]^[9]

Fananö ba fangoguna'ö

Asese la'oguna'ö go'o ba negara si so ba Asia Tenggara tobali sagö nomo.

Asese göi latanö ia niha ba zahatö ba mbewe nasi ba wanöndra tanö sabe'e moroi ba ba danö sahori börö nidanö molö ma sedöna aruru ba wanaha ena'ö böi ahori ia (li Indonesia: erosi). Baero da'ö la'oguna'ö ia tobali karate ma zui lasoso ia tobali tufo ba bola-bola. La'oguna'ö göi ia ba danö Tiongkok ba ba Danö Niha tobali dalu-dalu.^[10]

So ba gotalua go'o nitanö tobali famoadu kabu ma singa nomo, töra-töra ba Jepang.

Lehenia tola tobali ö nirino, me so khönia bakha ŵe gulo ba hamo.^[11]

Töla go'o tola te'oguna'ö ba wodalu-daluni fökhö kanker naha nono.^[12]

Taksonomi

Siföföna sibai isura zanandrösa ba go'o Linnaeus me 1759 ba ibe'e töinia Lagurus cylindricus.^[13] Bahiza ibulö'ö döinia ere botani moroi ba Perancis Palisot de Beauvois tobali Imperata cylindrica niguna'ö irugi ma'ökhö

Töi ilmiah bö'ö khönia:^[14]

Calamagrostis lagurus (L.) Koeler
Imperata allang Jungh.
Imperata angolensis Fritsch
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo
Imperata dinteri Pilg.
Imperata filifolia Nees ex Steud.
Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P.Beauv.
Imperata laguroides (Pourr.) J.Roux
Imperata latifolia (Hook.f.) L.Liu
Imperata pedicellata Steud.
Imperata praecoquis Honda

Imperata robustior A.Chev.
Imperata sieberi Opiz
Imperata thunbergii P.Beauv.
Lagurus cylindricus L.
Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam.
Saccharum europeaum Pers.
Saccharum koenigii Retz.
Saccharum laguroides Pourr.
Saccharum sisca Cav.
Saccharum spicatum J.Presl
Saccharum thunbergii Retz.

Khai-khai baero

Characteristics and management of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel in smallholder farms in developing countries, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
PFAF.org: Cultivation and edible/medicinal uses of Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica, Grass Genera of the World
USDA Plants Profile for Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass) — invasive species.
Least Wanted: Cogon Grass, Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group
WageningenUR.nl: "From Imperata cylindrica Grasslands to productive Agroforestry" — Murniati PhD thesis (2002).
Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica Species Profile — information and control resources from the National Invasive Species Information Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library
Imperata cylindrica in Guide to Invasive and Hegemonic Grasses
Arkansas Invasive Pests | Cogongrass Archived 2021-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
"Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. in the Southeast U.S." Cogongrass.org. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Mufaigi me 2021-01-02.
"Cogongrass Distribution". Cogongrass.org. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Mufaigi me 2021-01-02.

Umbu

↑ Raeuschel, EA. 1797. Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 3: 10.
↑ Linné, Carl von & Lars Salvius. 1759. Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. ed. 10 2: 878. Holmiae : Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, 1758-1759.
↑ Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1812. Essai d'une nouvelle agrostographie, ou, Nouveaux genres des graminées :avec figures représentant les caractères de tous les genres. p.165 (8, 177); Tab. V, fig. I (a-e). Paris :Chez l'auteur, [Dec 1812]
↑ Rumpf, G.E. 1750. Herbarium Amboinense: plurimas conplectens arbores, frutices, ... Pars VI: 17. Amstelaedami :apud Franciscum Changuion, Hermannum Uttwerf. MDCCL.
↑ The Plant List: Imperata cylindrica (L) Raeusch.
↑ Pillion, Dennis (13 August 2017). "This 'vicious' invasive plant burns hot enough to kill trees and stabs them with its roots". Alabama Local. Mufaigi me 3 July 2019.
↑ "Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass)". Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). Mufaigi me November 16, 2016.
↑ "Imperata cylindrica". www.sms.si.edu. Mufaigi me 2016-03-31.
↑ Sellers, B. A.; Ferrell, J. A.; MacDonald, G. E.; Enloe, S. F.; Flory, S. L. (2002). "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands". Publication #SS-AGR-52. Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extensio.
↑ "Imperata". Acupuncturetoday - traditional Chinese medicine (tcm). Mufaigi me 22 Dec 2014.
↑ "Imperata cylindrica". PFAF. Mufaigi me 2016-03-31.
↑ Nayim, Paul; Mbaveng, Armelle T.; Sanjukta, Mukherjee; Rikesh, Jain; Kuete, Victor; Sudhir, Krishna (2021-07-15). "CD24 gene inhibition and TIMP-4 gene upregulation by Imperata cylindrica's root extract prevents metastasis of CaSki cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/snail signaling pathway and blocking EMT". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 275: 114111. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114111. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 33848610 Periksa nilai |pmid= (fanolo).
↑ Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Imperata cylindrica. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants <http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/>.[S^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.
↑ [Sifasala: Lö mu'ila hurufo "[". "Imperata cylindrica"] Periksa nilai |url= (fanolo). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mufaigi me 18 June 2017.

[1] Raeuschel, EA. 1797. Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 3: 10.

[2] Linné, Carl von & Lars Salvius. 1759. Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. ed. 10 2: 878. Holmiae : Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, 1758-1759.

[3] Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1812. Essai d'une nouvelle agrostographie, ou, Nouveaux genres des graminées :avec figures représentant les caractères de tous les genres. p.165 (8, 177); Tab. V, fig. I (a-e). Paris :Chez l'auteur, [Dec 1812]

[4] Rumpf, G.E. 1750. Herbarium Amboinense: plurimas conplectens arbores, frutices, ... Pars VI: 17. Amstelaedami :apud Franciscum Changuion, Hermannum Uttwerf. MDCCL.

[5] The Plant List: Imperata cylindrica (L) Raeusch.

[Pillion-6] Pillion, Dennis (13 August 2017). "This 'vicious' invasive plant burns hot enough to kill trees and stabs them with its roots". Alabama Local. Mufaigi me 3 July 2019.

[CABI-7] "Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass)". Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI). Mufaigi me November 16, 2016.

[si-8] "Imperata cylindrica". www.sms.si.edu. Mufaigi me 2016-03-31.

[Sellers-9] Sellers, B. A.; Ferrell, J. A.; MacDonald, G. E.; Enloe, S. F.; Flory, S. L. (2002). "Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands". Publication #SS-AGR-52. Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extensio.

[10] "Imperata". Acupuncturetoday - traditional Chinese medicine (tcm). Mufaigi me 22 Dec 2014.

[11] "Imperata cylindrica". PFAF. Mufaigi me 2016-03-31.

[12] Nayim, Paul; Mbaveng, Armelle T.; Sanjukta, Mukherjee; Rikesh, Jain; Kuete, Victor; Sudhir, Krishna (2021-07-15). "CD24 gene inhibition and TIMP-4 gene upregulation by Imperata cylindrica's root extract prevents metastasis of CaSki cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/snail signaling pathway and blocking EMT". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 275: 114111. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114111. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 33848610 Periksa nilai |pmid= (fanolo).

[linn-13] Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Imperata cylindrica. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants <http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/>.[S^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.

[WCSP-14] [Sifasala: Lö mu'ila hurufo "[". "Imperata cylindrica"] Periksa nilai |url= (fanolo). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Mufaigi me 18 June 2017.

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